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- Konda Sameer
- G. Sobanbabu
- K. G. Sabarinathan
- V. K. Parthiban
- R. Jayalakshmi
- R. Oviya
- S. T. Mehetre
- R. Kannan
- M. Paramasivam
- V. P. Santhanakrishnan
- K. K. Kumar
- M. Theradimani
- R. OVIYA
- S. THIRUVUDAINAMBI
- V. RAMAMOORTHY
- R. THAMIZH VENDAN
- S. VELLAIKUMAR
- P. ANBAZHAGAN
- M. THERADIMANI
- P. VELLAIKUMAR
- S. JULIET HEPZIBA
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Ramamoorthy, V.
- Evaluation of phyllosphere antagonistic bacteria on the management of Fusarium ear rot of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides
Abstract Views :275 |
PDF Views:141
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 257-263Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is an insidious fungal pathogen of maize associated with diseases such as ear rot and kernel rot. It attacks the phyllosphere region of the maize plant especially on inflorescence and cobs. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate potential phyllosphere colonizing antagonistic microbes for the management of Fusarium ear rot. Four phyllosphere colonizing antagonistic bacteria were found to be effective in suppression of the growth of Fusarium verticillioides. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, these bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 1, P. aeruginosa isolate 2, Bacillus subtilis isolate and B. amyloliquefaciens. Among these four phyllosphere bacteria tested against F. verticillioides, the maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. verticillioides and production of volatile compounds was exhibited by P. aeruginosa isolate 1. Application of P. aeruginosa isolate -1, as seed treatment @ 10 g/kg of seeds, soil application @ 5 g/pot and foliar spray @ 0.2 per cent, recorded the minimum PDI with the maximum disease reduction over control. Thus, the present study showed that P. aeruginosa isolated from agricultural ecosystem could be a potential phyllosphere antagonistic bacterium for the management of maize ear rot disease.
Keywords
Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium ear rot, Phyllosphere antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16S rDNA Analysis.Full Text
References
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- Vorholt JA. 2012. Microbial life in the phyllosphere. Nat Rev Microbiol. 10: 828-840. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nrmicro2910 PMid:23154261
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- Evaluation of gliotoxin phytotoxicity and gliotoxin producing Trichoderma virens for the suppression of damping off of tomato
Abstract Views :182 |
PDF Views:99
Authors
R. Jayalakshmi
1,
G. Sobanbabu
2,
R. Oviya
1,
S. T. Mehetre
3,
R. Kannan
4,
M. Paramasivam
5,
V. P. Santhanakrishnan
6,
K. K. Kumar
6,
M. Theradimani
1,
V. Ramamoorthy
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
6 Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
6 Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 187-195Abstract
Gliotoxin is a potent antibiotic showing antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. It is produced by Q strains of Trichoderma virens and gliotoxin non-producing strains of T. virens are designated as P strains. There is no detailed study on effect of gliotoxin on suppression of damping off of tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and its phytotoxicity effect on tomato plants. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of gliotoxin on inhibition of mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, its phytotoxicity effect on tomato and its role on the suppression of damping off of tomato. Culture filtrates of Q strains of T. virens containing gliotoxin highly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum compared to that of P strains of T. virens. Purified gliotoxin but not bis-thiomethyl gliotoxin effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum. Tomato seeds treated with purified gliotoxin did not inhibit the germination of seeds, its ischolar_main and shoot length even at higher concentration that is at 1000 ppm (fivefold inhibitory concentration against P. aphanidermatum). Foliar spray of gliotoxin on tomato plants did not show any phytotoxic effect at lower concentration but showed scorching effect at higher concentration. Seed treatment with gliotoxin producing Q strains of T. virens showed greater suppression of damping-off tomato compared to P strains of T. virens. This study clearly showed that gliotoxin producing T. virens could be used in suppression of damping-off disease incidence in tomato.
Keywords
Bio-control, damping-off, gliotoxin, Trichoderma virensFull Text
- Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma hamatum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae causing basal rot disease of onion
Abstract Views :92 |
PDF Views:56
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology,, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology., IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology ., IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology ,, IN
5 Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, India ., IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology,, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology., IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology ., IN
4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology ,, IN
5 Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, India ., IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 36, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 17 - 30Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae causing basal rot disease of onion is a destructive phytopathogen resulting in 30-50% yield loss and remains as a major constraint in onion productivity. The management of disease through application of fungicide is not feasible and economically viable. Hence, the present study is focused on investigation of effective Trichoderma sp. and identifying the effective volatile organic compounds produced by it against the basal rot pathogen in onion. A total of ten Trichoderma spp. were isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy onion plants and tested against virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolate FCIM1. The Trichoderma isolate (TIM2) showed 77.40% inhibition on mycelial growth of pathogen followed by the isolate (TIV1) with 70.36% inhibition. The molecular identification of effective Trichoderma isolate through the analysis of the rDNA of Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region revealed isolate TIM2 as Trichoderma hamatum. The GC-MS analysis of Trichoderma hamatum unravelled the important volatile organic compounds like Methyl stearate, n-Hexadecanoic, Eicosane, 9-cyclohexy, Heptadecane, Dodecane, 2-cyclohexyl, to 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-pentyl, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Tetrapentacontane, 1-Dodecanol, 2-Propenoic acid, pentadecyl ester, Benzene, (2-methylbutyl) and 1,2-Dimethyltryptamine with peak area and retention time. These bioactive compounds exert a strong antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. The scanning electron micrographs of Fusarium paired with effective Trichoderma (TIM2) showed the swollen hyphae with cell wall damage which is clear evident of antagonistic interaction of volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma hamatum.Keywords
Dodecane, Trichoderma hamatum, Internal Transcribed Spacers, rhizospheric soil, volatile organic compoundFull Text
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- Eco-friendly management of false smut disease of rice incited by Ustilaginoidea virens through the application of Trichoderma spp.
Abstract Views :94 |
PDF Views:70
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology,, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, IN
4 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology,, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, IN
4 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625104, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 36, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 47 - 56Abstract
False smut disease of rice incited by Ustilaginoidea virens is an organ-specific pathogen that causes chalkiness of grain which leads to a reduction in 1000 grain test weight and yield. The dual culture assay results revealed that each Trichoderma isolates suppress the mean mycelial growth of U. virens under in-vitro conditions. Among the nine different Trichoderma isolates, 3 isolates were selected as effective isolates viz., TKM1, TKT9 and TTN5. Among these three effective isolates, maximum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in the isolate TKM1 with 80.18 percentage reduction over control. The SEM photographs revealed that the hyphal round off in U. virens which is mainly due to the production of volatiles through direct antagonistic activity and competition through indirect antagonistic activity in which conidial adherence of T. harzianum over the surface of the mycelial mat of U. virens was observed. In 2020, the field experiment results revealed that the minimum disease severity was recorded when the Trichoderma isolate TKM1 was sprayed during booting stage with 4.61%, 50% PE stage with 17.91% and 100% PE with 21.86%. In 2021 the disease severity varied from 9.21% to 69.59%. The lowest disease severity was recorded in the plots sprayed with propiconazole fungicide with 9.21%. However, the disease severity recorded in fungicide treated plots were statistically on par with the Trichoderma isolate TKM1 treated plots at 50% PE spray with 10.60%. The disease severity recorded in the plots sprayed with TKM1 showed non-significant relationship with the fungicide treated plots which clearly revealed that the control efficacy of both TKM1 and Propiconazole treated plots were similar with each other. Among the Trichoderma treated plots the yield gain varied from 10.01% to17.20%. The yield gain was found to be 18.35% in fungicide treated plots. The yield and yield gain obtained by the effective isolate TKM1 (yield = 6405 kg/ha and yield gain = 17.20%) was statistically on par with propiconazole treated plots and significantly showed better yield and yield gain than the control plots. In 2021 among the Trichoderma treated plots the yield gain varied from 4.10% to 10.16%. The maximum yield gain was recorded in the fungicide treated plots (12.00%).Keywords
Antagonistic activity, control efficacy, mycoparasitism, organ-specific, propiconazole, yield gainFull Text
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